by metalworker0 » Mon Sep 07, 2026 3:08 pm
Tech from the manual.
The exhaust gas is extracted directly at the exhaust manifold and routed through the
cylinder head runner to the EGR assembly.
The EGR assembly consists of a double-plate EGR valve, an EGR cooler for cooling the
exhaust gases and an EGR cooler bypass vacuum actuator.
A DC motor with a non-contacting position transmitter serves as the drive for the EGR
valve. The voltage signal range of the EGR valve is between 0.5 volts (valve closed) and
4.5 volts (valve fully open). The valve position and the drive are controlled using a PWM
(pulse width modulation) signal. A 10% PWM signal is required to close the EGR valve.
The EGR flow rate is adapted to specific engine operating states by the PCM (powertrain
control module) varying the EGR valve PWM signal duty cycle. A position sensor in the EGR
valve provides feedback on the exact valve positioning. This means that the PCM is able to
learn and adapt to cater for valve position changes caused by soot deposits.
The EGR cooler bypass valve (electro-pneumatic solenoid valve) enables or disables
vacuum to the EGR cooler bypass actuator (pneumatic actuator) which opens or closes to
enable or disable exhaust flow through the EGR cooler depending on the EGR requirement.
The EGR cooler bypass valve is actuated by the PCM using a PWM (pulse width modulation)
signal.
In unactuated condition, the EGR cooler bypass valve supplies ambient (no vacuum) air to
the EGR cooler bypass actuator. In this state the EGR cooler bypass actuator arm is
extended and the exhaust flow is directed through the center (bypass) passage of the EGR
cooler (no cooling).
During cold starting the recirculated exhaust gas is routed past the EGR cooler via the
bypass. As a result, the engine and catalytic converter reach their operating temperature
faster.
As soon as the engine cooling temperature reaches 50 °C or the engine speed exceeds
1750 rpm, the EGR cooler bypass valve is actuated and the system switches to cooling
mode.
In cooling mode the EGR cooler bypass valve supplies vacuum (approximately 500 mbar) to
the EGR cooler bypass actuator which opens the bypass valve against the spring load.
There is an electronic intake manifold flap upstream of the intake manifold on the fresh-air
side. It generates the necessary pressure difference between the exhaust gas and intake
sides in order to achieve the high exhaust gas recirculation rates.
The intake manifold flap (throttle body) is actuated by a DC (direct current) motor and
controlled via PWM by the PCM.
Depending on the driving situation, the volume air flow drawn in is varied in accordance
with the position of the intake manifold valve and thereby influences the composition of the
recirculated exhaust gas. Its other function is to ensure the engine does not run on when it
has been switched off.
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